Explore Science-first Philosophy

Explore Science-first Philosophy
Think well. Live well.
PHILOSOPHY: Think well. Live well.
Science-first philosophy with one goal: flourishing for all. Science begins with a split between reality and thought. Philosophy adds tools for better thinking and for living legal, moral, and fair. Fair includes accepting that others will hold their own religious beliefs.
1 Goal » 2 Layers » 3 Hammers » 4 Traps » 5 Tools
TWO PATHS
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Each month, the column explores one central idea, with research. Imagine adding 12 important, life-changing ideas to your worldview each year. When inspired, share your opinions, questions, or pushback here on TST.
Curated by Michael Alan Prestwood.
–NATURAL PHILOSOPHER–

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TST Column
22 Apr 2026
TST Column
22 Apr
Insights for Thinkers
Situational ethics asks what we should do when no option feels morally clean, and Just War Theory is one of its clearest examples.
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TST Tidbits

Wed 22 Apr 2026 Edition
— Research & Learning —

Stories: Science Philosophy Critical Thinking History Big Bang Metaphysics Evolution Biases Futurism Ancient History Ethics Reasoning

1 Essay + 6 Tidbits
1 Focus
Plus a bonus deep-dive article.
This Issue:
— Just War Theory —
Just war theories use situational ethics to place moral limits on war, avoid its worst horrors, and establish when war is justified.
Greetings!

This is the last weekly TST Column. Starting May 1, the column moves to a monthly rhythm. I’ve kept the weekly pace up for several months, and I’m grateful for what it has produced, but it has also been exhausting. Writing a thoughtful column every week is one thing. Having the time to fully support it, share it, and let it live is another. More than that, the weekly pace has begun to pull time and energy away from the rest of my 30-series books, and those books matter deeply to me. They are the larger home for many of the ideas I most want to finish and share. So this change is not about doing less. It is about making each column stronger, while creating more room for the deeper work ahead. Thank you for being here with me.

Over the coming months, I’ll publish one more column in the Understanding Philosophy series, then begin the Understanding Ethics series. This column is the first in that new ethics arc, moved to the front because it felt timely. Trump’s war with Iran and his feud with Pope Leo XIV over war, peace, and Just War Theory suddenly made an old ethical question feel very current. Reuters covered the dispute in mid-April, and Vatican-linked coverage, along with the U.S. bishops, addressed the Just War issue directly. That also makes this a fitting follow-up to our recent columns on truth, belief, and confidence, because before we judge war, we first have to judge the claims, evidence, and authorities surrounding it

–Michael Alan Prestwood
6 Research Tidbits
Wisdom Builder Crossroads
The research, stories, and questions that inform this issue.

1 Story »

Augustine of Hippo
born 354
Lived from 354 to 430 CE, aged about 76.
Life is full of hard choices. In situational ethics, clear-cut right and wrong tend to give way to reducing harm or choosing the lesser of two evils.

2 Quote »

“In order for a war to be just, three things are necessary.”
Situational ethics, like Just War Theory, can be brought down to your life. When you cannot turn the other cheek, strive for a response that is proportionate and never exceeds the harm done.

3 Science »

Why do we overreact and escalate?
When emotion rises, pause long enough to ask whether your response fits the situation and helps make things better.

4Philosophy »

How does TST Ethics handle the trolley problem?
When an ethical problem feels impossible, slow down, weigh options intent and use the good intent-good result formula to choose the option that causes less harm to you first, and then to others.

5Critical Thinking »

How do you prevent yourself from overreacting?
During conflict, shift from justifying your intent to asking what result you actually want.

6History!

What is the history of ethical war?
The history of war ethics shows that across time and cultures, people have tried to define when war is justified and how it should be restrained.
Take the deep dive.
Linked Article
Philosophy
Article
1 Goal: Flourish (TST Ethics)
TST Ethics
Flourishing requires calibration. TST Ethics integrates intent, consequence, proportionality, and systemic impact within a two-layer reality. It respects law, reduces harm, and refines responsibility as awareness grows. Personal morality and group ethics are not separate domains — they are scaled expressions of fairness lived within real constraints.
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TST Column
April 22, 2026
Column Research….
1. Timeline Story
Augustine of Hippo
2. Linked Quote
“In order for a war to be just, three things are necessary.”
3. Science FAQ »
Why do we overreact and escalate?
4. Philosophy FAQ »
How does TST Ethics handle the trolley problem?
5. Critical Thinking FAQ »
How do you prevent yourself from overreacting?
6. History FAQ!
What is the history of ethical war?
Bonus Deep-Dive Article
1 Goal: Flourish (TST Ethics)

TST Archive

TST Tidbits

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A Science-First Book about the Ideas That Shape Us

30 Philosophers: A New Look at Timeless Ideas explores how human understanding has evolved — from ancient questions to modern scientific thinking.

Written by natural philosopher Michael Alan Prestwood, the book blends philosophy, science, and history into clear, human stories focused on explanation over authority and meaning over memorization.

For those who value better thinking over being right.

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